外阴癌诊治进展

Progress of Diagnosis and Treatment of Vulvar Cancer

外阴癌是一种较为少见的妇科恶性肿瘤,仅占女性生殖系统恶性肿瘤的2%~5%,在绝经后妇女较为多见。但近些年来,外阴癌的发病率不断升高。外阴上皮内病变(vulvar squamous intraepithelial lesions, VSIL)是外阴癌的癌前病变,在年轻女性中发病率也有所提升。绝大多数外阴癌患者的组织学分型是外阴鳞状细胞癌(vulvar squamous carcinoma, VSCC)。外阴癌患者临床常表现为外阴瘙痒、溃疡,通常还可伴有疼痛、出血、排尿困难和阴道排液等。其治疗方式主要根据组织类型及手术分期决定,为手术结合放化疗综合治疗。

Vulvar cancer is a relatively rare gynecological malignant tumor, accounting for only 2%~5% of the malignant tumors of the female reproductive system, and is more common in postmenopausal women. However, in recent years, the incidence of vulvar cancer has been increasing. Vulvar squa-mous intraepithelial lesions (VSIL), precancerous lesions of vulvar cancer, are also increasing in younger women. The tissue type of the vast majority of vulvar cancer patients is vulvar squamous carcinoma (VSCC). Vulvar cancer patients are often clinical manifestations of vulvar pruritus, ulcers, often accompanied by pain, bleeding, dysuria and vaginal drainage. Its treatment is mainly deter-mined by the type of tissue and the stage of surgery, which is combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy.