高分辨率血管壁成像在颅内动脉粥样硬化疾病中的应用进展

Application of High Resolution Vascular Wall Imaging in Intracranial Atherosclerotic Diseases

缺血性脑卒中在我国脑卒中中占主要比例,主要是由于颅内动脉病变引起的动脉狭窄,其主要病因是动脉粥样硬化疾病,目前的指南仅仅依靠管腔的狭窄率来对脑卒中风险进行分层,判断严重程度,决定治疗方案存在一定的局限性的。高分辨率血管壁成像是一种无创且先进的检查技术,可以直接可视化颅内血管壁及其病理变化,利用其优势有助于脑卒中风险的分层,并通过斑块的特征及血管壁的异常来进行鉴别诊断,在各种颅内动脉疾病中近年来有广泛的研究及应用,本文就该项技术在颅内动脉粥样硬化中的影像特征、分型、危险因素等方面进行综述。

Ischemic stroke accounts for the major proportion of stroke in China, mainly due to intracranial ar-tery disease caused by artery stenosis, the main cause of which is atherosclerosis. The current guidelines only rely on the stenosis rate of the lumen to stratify stroke risk, judge the severity, and determine the treatment plan, which has certain limitations. As a non-invasive and advanced ex-amination technology, high-resolution vascular wall imaging can directly visualize intracranial vas-cular wall and its pathological changes, and its advantages can contribute to the stratification of stroke risk and differential diagnosis based on plaque characteristics and vascular wall abnormali-ties. In recent years, it has been widely studied and applied in various intracranial artery diseases. This article reviews the imaging features, types, risk factors and treatment of intracranial athero-sclerosis with this technique.