多酚对高血压的影响及其与肠道菌群有关机制的研究进展

Advancements in the Study of Polyphenols’ Impact on Hypertension and Their Mechanism Related to Gut Microbiota

高血压是以血压升高为主要特点的全身性疾病。我国人群患病率水平仍处在较高水平,且高血压控制率总体仍较低。高血压会导致机体靶器官的损伤,包括心脏、肾脏、血管、大脑等靶器官功能和结构的损伤等。目前,高血压是我国面临的重要公共卫生问题,造成了严重的医疗和经济负担。因此,进一步探寻防治高血压的策略及食物来源的植物化学物以降低对药品的依赖具有重要意义。肠道菌群是寄居在人体肠道内的微生物群,与正常人群相比,高血压人群的肠型改变、肠道菌群多样性降低以及某些细菌种群丰度改变。但是肠道菌群作为高血压防治靶点的潜力还需要进一步深入研究。多酚是水果和蔬菜中发现的具有生物活性的化合物,有改善其色泽、风味和加强药理活性等作用。目前虽然有研究证据支持某些多酚亚类具有抗炎、调节肠道菌群以及降低血脂的作用,但多酚参与血压调节及其潜在机制仍需要更多的证据来支持。因此,本综述旨在系统回顾和综合分析国内外关于多酚对高血压的影响及基于肠道菌群的机制研究,以期为高血压的防治提供新的思路和方法。

Hypertension, characterized by elevated blood pressure, is a systemic disease that poses a sig-nificant public health problem. The prevalence of hypertension in our population remains high, while the overall rate of hypertension control is still at a low level. Hypertension can cause damage to various target organs of the organism, including the heart, kidneys, blood vessels and brain. Consequently, it leads to serious medical and economic burdens. Therefore, it is im-portant to further explore strategies to combat hypertension and develop dietary programs that can reduce reliance on medication. The gut flora, which refers to the microbiota residing in the human gut, undergoes altered gut shape, reduced diversity of gut flora, and altered abun-dance of certain bacterial populations in hypertensive individuals compared to normal popula-tions. However, further in-depth studies are required to fully understand the potential of tar-geting gut flora for hypertension control. Polyphenols, biologically active compounds found in fruits and vegetables, have been shown to improve their color, flavor, and enhance pharmaco-logical activity. While research supports the anti-inflammatory, intestinal flora modulating, and lipid-lowering effects of other polyphenol subclasses, more evidence is needed to establish the involvement of apple polyphenols in blood pressure regulation and their underlying mecha-nisms. Therefore, the aim of this review is to systematically review and comprehensively ana-lyze domestic and international studies on the effects of polyphenols on hypertension and their mechanisms based on intestinal flora, with a view to providing new ideas and approaches for the prevention and treatment of hypertension.