肺癌早期诊断的研究进展

Research Progress in Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer

在全球范围内肺癌是最常见的癌症,在我国,肺癌则是发病率及死亡率最高的恶性肿瘤,对社会造成了极大的负担。早期肺癌多无明显临床症状及体征,多数肺癌患者出现症状首次就诊时已为晚期,晚期肺癌5年生存率极低,因此探索有效的肺癌早期诊断及诊断方法,对于改善肺癌患者的生存预后有重要意义。目前在我国,低剂量螺旋CT检查是肺癌早期诊断的常见方法,显著提高了早期肺癌诊断率。支气管镜检查作为目前肺癌诊断的常用方法也有着较高的敏感性及特异性。液体活检因其可通过非侵入性方法获取患者组织标本、可实时监测肿瘤动态变化等优点,是目前临床最有前途的肿瘤组织活体检查的替代手段。本文就肺癌早期诊断方法的相关研究进展进行综述。

Lung cancer is the most common cancer globally, and in China, it is the malignant tumor with the highest morbidity and mortality rate, causing a great burden to the society. Early stage lung cancer has no obvious clinical symptoms and signs, and most of the lung cancer patients are already in advanced stage when they first visit the doctor with symptoms. The 5-year survival rate of advanced lung cancer is extremely low. Exploring effective early screening and diagnostic methods for lung cancer is of great significance to improve the survival and prognosis of lung cancer patients. At present, low-dose CT examination is a common method for early diagnosis of lung cancer in China, which has significantly improved the diagnosis rate of early lung cancer. Bronchoscopy, as a common method for lung cancer diagnosis, also has high sensitivity and specificity. Liquid biopsy is the most promising clinical alternative to tumor tissue biopsy due to its advantages of obtaining tissue specimens from patients through non-invasive methods and real-time monitoring of tumor dynamic changes. This article reviews the progress of research related to early diagnostic methods for lung cancer.