慢性低度炎症与肌少症

Chronic Low-Grade Inflammation and Sarcopenia

肌少症目前被普遍认为是老年综合症的一种,其主要表现为出现与增龄相关的肌肉质量减少、肌肉功能和肌肉力量下降。可以导致衰弱、跌倒、骨折、代谢性疾病等发病率和死亡的风险增高。其发病机制复杂,目前仍未完全阐明。在其多种可能机制中,慢性低度炎症被认为是肌少症的关键发病机制。炎性因子直接或间接地通过不同的病理生理过程导致肌少症的发生。反应机体炎症情况的肿瘤坏死因子α、IL-6、CRP、IL-15、IL-10、鸢尾素等多种炎症指标以及血常规中白细胞、血小板、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞及其衍生物与老年人躯体功能、肌肉力量、肌肉质量等密切相关。这些都可能通过调节氧化应激、蛋白质合成与代谢平衡、细胞周期阻滞、骨骼肌再生、细胞凋亡等途径导致骨骼肌损伤,从而导致肌少症。本文将综述目前肌少症与慢性低度炎症之间的关系研究进展。

Sarcopenia is currently widely considered as a type of geriatric syndrome, characterized by age-related decrease in muscle mass, muscle function, and muscle strength. It can lead to increased risks of weakness, falls, fractures, metabolic diseases, and mortality. The pathogenesis of sarcopenia is complex and not yet fully understood. Among its various possible mechanisms, chronic low-grade inflammation is considered as a key pathogenic mechanism. Inflammatory factors directly or indirectly contribute to the development of sarcopenia through various pathophysiological processes. Inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, CRP, IL-15, IL-10, and irisin, as well as white blood cells, platelets, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, and their derivatives in routine blood tests, are closely related to physical function, muscle strength, and muscle mass in older adults. These factors may lead to skeletal muscle damage and subsequently sarcopenia by regulating oxidative stress, protein synthesis and metabolic balance, cell cycle arrest, skeletal muscle regeneration, and cell apoptosis pathways. This review summarizes the current research progress on the relationship between sarcopenia and chronic low-grade inflammation.