基于肠道菌群失调防治多囊卵巢综合征的研究进展

Research Advance on the Prevention and Treatment of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Based on Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota

多囊卵巢综合征(polycystic ovary syndrome, PCOS)是一种生殖内分泌失调和代谢异常的疾病,目前关于其发病机制暂不清楚,可能是因遗传、代谢和环境因素之间相互作用导致的。近年来,许多研究表明PCOS的发病与肠道菌群失衡有关,其中的肠道菌群代谢产物,如胆汁酸和短链脂肪酸等参与了PCOS发病过程。此外,肠道菌群还在高雄激素血症(Hyperandrogenism, HA)、胰岛素抵抗(Insulin Resistance, IR)、慢性炎症及肥胖等多种并发症的女性患者中来影响PCOS的发生发展。此外,本文还归纳了基于肠道微生物改善PCOS患者肠道菌群的研究进展,如粪菌移植、补充益生菌、益生元策略及中药等,为PCOS的研究和将来的临床应用提供参考依据和治疗选择。Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a reproductive endocrine disorder and metabolic disorder, and its pathogenesis still remains elusive. The occurrence of PCOS may be attributed to the interplaying among the genetic and/or metabolic matters of females, as well as the inner and outside environmental factors. Recently, evidence indicates that PCOS occurrence is positively related to a homeostasis abnormity in the gut microbiota, by which metabolites of the gut microbiota, including bile acids and short-chain fatty acids, are involved in the pathogenesis of PCOS. In addition, gut microbiota can affect the occurrence and development of PCOS in female patients with various complications, accompanied by hyperandrogenism (HA), insulin resistance (IR), chronic inflammation, and obesity. In addition, in this review, we also summarize the research progress on rebalancing the gut microbiota of PCOS patients with gut microbiota, such as fecal microbiota transplantation, supplementation of probiotics, prebiotic strategies, and traditional Chinese medicine. Taken together, our summarized information here on PCOS advances would provide a helpful reference for PCOS research and clinical applications.