HER2低表达乳腺癌的治疗现状及研究进展

Treatment Status and Research Progress of Breast Cancer with Low HER2 Expression

在女性中,乳腺癌是最常确诊的癌症,也是癌症死亡的首要原因。人表皮生长因子受体2 (HER2)是明确的乳腺癌驱动基因,其扩增与肿瘤的发生和侵袭相关。研究表明,HER2低表达乳腺癌占全部类型的45%~55%,其生物学亚型及临床病理学特征有别于其他HER2分型表现出明显差异。在目前的临床实践中,仍有一部分HER2低表达被报告为HER2阴性或三阴性乳腺癌,其治疗策略未能满足精准治疗的需求。然而,随着新型抗体药物偶联物(Antibody-drug conjugates, ADC)在HER2低表达乳腺癌中显示出的显著疗效,HER2低表达这一概念逐渐走进人们的视野,其精准治疗时代或将到来。本文将对HER2低表达乳腺癌的研究现状及治疗进展进行综述。Among women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is an established driver gene for breast cancer, with its amplification linked to tumor onset and invasiveness. Studies indicate that breast cancers with low HER2 expression make up 45% to 55% of all types, and their biological subtypes and clinical-pathological features vary markedly from other HER2-type breast cancers. In present clinical practice, some cases of low HER2 expression are still reported as HER2-negative or triple-negative breast cancer, with treatment strategies falling short of precision therapy needs. However, the notable efficacy of new antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) in treating breast cancers with low HER2 expression has increasingly brought the concept of low HER2 expression into focus, signaling the potential advent of an era of precision treatment. This article provides a review of the current research status and therapeutic advancements in breast cancers with low HER2 expression.