马克思视域下个体与共同体分裂问题的根源

Origin of the Division between the Individual and the Community in Marx’s Perspective

个体与共同体的分裂问题是马克思现代性理论中的重要组成部分。本文的目的在于立足马克思视域,从个体与共同体分裂这一命题本身出发来阐明个体与共同体分裂问题背后的根源。从理论上看,个体与共同体的分裂问题暗含了马克思对人的本质是真实共同体这一规定;从实际上来看,这就涉及个体与共同体的分裂的现实生成问题。首先,在马克思现代性视域下,个体与共同体的分裂是由现代生产起决定作用的;其次,二者的分裂必然涉及到这一问题的两个主体以及主体之间的关系,资本主义条件下,个体自身的分裂,资本主义共同体的虚幻化,个体和共同体之间的资本操控,这三者共同导致了个体与共同体之间的断裂。之后,从理想的层面,本文还必须说明个体与共同体实现和解的可能性,如果二者无法和解,那么分裂也将不会成为问题而是正常的现象。

The division of the individual and the community is the important part of Marx’s modernity. In the perspective of Marx, this article aims to clarify the origin of the division of the individual and the community from the angle of the proposition itself. In theory, the division of the individual and the community contains Marx’s stipulation that the essence of human is the community. In practice, it’s about the practical generation of the division. Firstly, it is determined by modern production. Secondly, it must involve the two subjects of the proposition and the relationship of them. Under capitalist conditions, the division of the individual itself, the unreal capitalism community and the capital control between the individual and the community lead to the division of the individual and the community collectively. And in ideal sense, this article must explain the possibility of the reconciliation between the individual and the community. Without the possibility of the reconciliation, the division wouldn’t be a problem instead of a common phenomenon.