关于《易经·系辞》中理想人格的探讨

Discussion on Ideal Personality in the Xici of I-ching

在《系辞》中出现的理想人格,可分为君子、贤人、圣人三层次。其中君子的境界表示一个人在道德修养上已臻于成熟,他不一定要成就功业,若治世则出仕以成业,若乱世则退隐以保身;贤人才德兼备,体乾道以成德,并行坤道辅佐君王以成业;圣人才德非凡,德高而能穷神知化、参赞天地化育,才高而能制器以利天下。从君子到圣人,越是高层次的理想人格,其德与业越是密切相关,对于修养目的与贡献社会,实现得也越彻底。

There exists three levels of the ideal personality, i.e., gentleman, sage, saint, in Xici of I-Ching. The gentleman, who has been nurtured in the moral training, doesn’t have to be a winner, but he achieves his cause if the world is in peace and prosperity, and retires if in chaos. The sage has both talent and virtue, experiences the qian-tao so as to achieve the virtue, and uses the kun-tao to help the king for achievement. The saint, who owns the extraordinarily talent-virtue such that to explore and know the mystery, has been aware of the raising of the heaven and earth, and benefit the world by his high skill. From the gentleman to the saint, the higher the level of the ideal personality is, the closer the relation between the virtue and success is, and more thorough the achievement of the train’ goal and attribution for the society will be.