哲学的“前形而上学”视域中的《金瓶梅》解读与反思

Interpreting and Reflecting for The Golden Lotus in the Perspective of “Pre-Metaphysics” of Philosophy

明人小说《金瓶梅》是第一部文人独创的非历史演绎的话本小说。从哲学的“前形而上学”视域来解读审视《金瓶梅》这一奇书,它生动地讲述了特定历史条件下一个关于人的性、欲、情、爱的故事。肉体获得灵性才会有人性,只有让灵与肉获得和谐统一、以灵去统御肉,自然之性欲才会成长为人性之情爱,它才通之乎美达之乎善。该书作为活的社会存在的标本,反映了中国传统社会作为“君主集权的等级制的男权宗法社会”的鲜明特征,让人看到权力崇拜与暴力崇拜所构成的中国传统社会的文化底色。它预示了野蛮的不平等的反人性的权力结构及其社会制度必然会腐败、必然要灭亡的命运。

The Golden Lotus, which was written in The Ming Dynasty, is the first non-historical interpretation, story-telling and scholars’ original creation novel in the history of Chinese literature. According to the view of “pre-metaphysics” of philosophical, The Golden Lotus shows us vividly that it was a masterpiece which was combined with human’s sex, desire, emotion and love in specific historical conditions. The body will become humanity after achieving spiritually, using the way to combine with the spirituality and the body harmoniously, and allowing the spirituality to get the leadership of the body, then the desire of the sex will change into the love of human nature and finally turn to be perfect and goodness. As a specimen of living social existence, The Golden Lotus not only reflects the distinct characteristics of “the male-dominated patriarchal society of social hierarchy in the monarchy of ancient China”, but also shows the background of Chinese traditional society which was composed by the worship of power and violence. Furthermore, it indicates that the destiny of power structure and social system which was barbarous, unequal and anti-human, has an inevitable outcome to corruption and perdition.