现代技术控制下的“单向度的人”——美丽新世界并不美丽

The “One-Dimensional Man” under the Control of Modern Technology—Brave New World Is Not Beautiful

20世纪以来,科学技术推动了生产力的发展和社会历史的进步,深刻地影响着人类的生产、生活方式和思想观念。然而,科学技术却越来越成为统治人的物质力量,甚至导致了社会的普遍异化现象。早在20世纪20年代,法兰克福学派就开启了对技术理性的批判与反思。马尔库塞是法兰克福学派的主要代表人物,他在《单向度的人》一书中提出了“单向度理论”,揭露了当代发达工业社会由于技术进步产生的极权主义特征和人的异化状态。而英国作家赫胥黎的小说《美丽新世界》展现了一个由技术统治的未来世界,可以说是“单向度理论”的文学表现。本文试图从“单向度理论”的视角出发,解读《美丽新世界》的深刻内涵,揭露现代技术控制下的“单向度的人”的异化状态,并对当今科技发展进行理性审视。

Since the 20th century, science and technology have promoted the development of productive forces and the progress of social history, and exerted a profound influence on the production, life style and ideology of human beings. However, science and technology has increasingly become the material power of the ruling people, and even led to the general social alienation. As early as the 1920s, the Frankfurt School began to criticize and reflect on technical rationality. Marcuse is the main representative of Frankfurt School. He put forward the “one-dimensional theory” in his book One-dimensional Man, and exposed the contemporary developed industrial society as a result of technological progress of the characteristics of totalitarianism and human alienation state. The novel Brave New World written by the British writer Aldous Huxley shows a future world ruled by technology, which can be said to be the literary expression of the “one-dimension theory”. This paper attempts to interpret the profound connotation of Brave New World from the perspective of “one-dimensional theory”, reveal the alienation of “one-dimensional man” under the control of modern technology, and make a rational examination of the development of science and technology today.