试论马克思遭遇“物质利益难事”的“作用机理”

On the “Mechanism” of Marx’s “Material Interests Difficulties”

在《莱茵报》时期,马克思初次遭遇了“物质利益的难事”。对于这一遭遇,他在《序言》中进行了简要论述,对当时的社会背景以及他本人的知识现状等进行了比较分析,并指出正是这一时期的经历才促使他开始从纯粹哲学领域的研究转入到政治经济学领域的研究。由此可见,马克思这一时期的实践历程在其思想发展中起着至关重要的作用,但是,长期以来,《莱茵报》时期被定位为马克思理论的不成熟的时期,各版本的马克思初期思想著作集将马克思的早期思想从《黑格尔法哲学批判》算起,《莱茵报》时期的文章未得到应有的重视,即使少有学者在自己的研究中涉及到该问题,也大都只是对“难事为何”进行简要叙述,未对难事的“作用机理”作深入研究,但这一问题在马克思思想发展中有着不容忽视的重大意义。

During the period of “Rhine gazette”, Marx encountered “the problem of material interests” for the first time. Regarding this experience, he briefly discussed in the preface of A Critique of Political Economy, and made a comparative analysis of the social background at that time and his own knowledge status. He also pointed out that it was the experience of this period that prompted him to transfer from the study of pure philosophy to the study of political economy. It can be seen that the course of practice of Marx in this period plays a vital role in the development of his thoughts. However, for a long time, the period of “Rhine gazette” has been positioned as an immature period of Marx’s theory, the collections of works of Marx’s early thoughts in various editions count Marx’s early thoughts from the Hegelian Critique of Philosophy of Law, and articles in the “Rhine gazette” did not get the attention they deserve. Even though few scholars have touched on this issue in their own research, most of them just give a brief description of “what’s the problem”, and fail to make in-depth research on the “Mechanism of action”. But this question has a great significance that cannot be ignored in the development of Marx’s thought.