马克思三大社会形态发展理论下个人与共同体关系及其现实意义

The Relationship between Individual and Community under the Development of Marx’s Three Social Forms and Its Practical Significance

早在上世纪30年代,学术界对马克思社会形态发展理论就有所研究,论争的焦点主要在“三形态论”还是“五形态论”,本文将不对其进行辩论分析,采用马克思在《1857~1858年经济学手稿》中的社会形态发展理论进行分析个人与共同体的关系,重点研究在马克思三大社会形态发展理论下个人与共同体的发展特征。当代社会正处于马克思三大社会形态发展下的“以物的依赖性为基础的人的独立性”阶段,在此阶段中个人对共同体的排斥分离倾向随着资本逻辑支配全球时代的发展而日益严重。马克思三大社会形态发展理论将为解决个人与共同体矛盾提供理论切入口,旨在实现“自由人联合体”,达到“真正的个人”和“真正的共同体”。

As early as the 1930 s, academic circles had studied Marx’s theory of social form development. The focus of the debate was mainly on the “three forms theory” or the “five forms theory”. This article will not conduct a debate analysis on it, and use Marx’s theory of social formation development in the “Economic Manuscripts 1857~1858” to analyze the relationship between individuals and communities, focusing on the development of individuals and communities under Marx’s three major social formation development theories. Contemporary society is in the stage of “people’s independence based on the dependence of things” under the development of the three major social forms of Marx. In this stage, the tendency of individuals to repel and separate the community is increasing as the logic of capital dominates the development of the global era. The development theory of the three major social forms of Marx will provide a theoretical entry point for solving the contradiction between the individual and the community, aiming to realize the “community of free people” and achieve “the real individual” and “the real community”.