伦理学视域下的自由发展观——以阿马蒂亚·森为中心

The View of Free Development from the Perspective of Ethics—Centered on Amartya Sen

德尼·古莱认为发展的实质应该是指人类生活质量的充实,而不是物质上的充裕。阿马蒂亚·森在《以自由看待发展》中对发展的审视几乎与古莱相同,然而,与古莱不同的是森提出了明确的伦理理念,即以“自由”来确定发展之目标。森突破了传统的惟经济增长的狭隘发展观的局限性,将其经济研究的关注中心转向人的权利和自由,修正了长期以来经济学和伦理学严重分离的局面,在经济问题研究中重建了伦理层面。虽然以“自由”看待发展之指向有其限度,然从自由之视角对发展以伦理层面的审视,以伦理原则指导发展,以自由看待发展,对于我国乃至全球发展伦理学之建构具有着重要意义。

Denis Goulet believed that the essence of development should refer to the enrichment of human quality of life, not to material abundance. Amartya Sen’s examination of development in “Development as Freedom” is almost the same as that of Goulet, but unlike Goulet, Sen proposed a clear ethical concept, that is, “freedom” to determine the goal of development. Sen broke through the limitations of the traditional narrow view of development based on economic growth, shifted the focus of his economic research to human rights and freedoms, corrected the long-standing situation of serious separation between economics and ethics, and re-established the ethical dimension in the study of economic problems. Although there are limits to the orientation of development from the perspective of “freedom”, from the perspective of freedom, it is of great significance to examine development at the ethical level, to guide development with ethical principles, and to view development with freedom, which is of great significance to the construction of development ethics in China and even in the world.