论康德哲学认识论中的理性主义

On Rationalism in Kant’s Epistemology

《纯粹理性批判》是康德的认识论巨著,按照康德自己的说法“纯粹理性批判”就是对人们的纯粹理性进行批判,一方面是对人的纯粹理性进行限定致使其不走向独断论,另一方面则是以纯粹理性对传统的宗教神圣性的霸权进行质疑,从而使人类的理性得到解放并占其应有的位置。与休谟的彻底怀疑不同,康德一心要为新的形而上学和科学进行奠基,而他要选择的方法便是对纯粹理性的绝对信任。虽然康德是在具体分析的基础上来使用理性,而把自己的哲学视为先验论哲学。但是我们不难看到其中的隐喻,即先验哲学之所以可能的原因在于“纯粹理性”能够占有主导地位。就此,本文意在探讨康德哲学认识论的理性举措,并认为其认识论是一种理性主义认识论。

“The critique of pure reason” is Kant’s epistemology magnum opus, according to Kant’s own “critique of pure reason” is for people’s critique of pure reason, on the one hand is to the people of pure reason to limit its not to dogmatism, on the other hand is pure reason to question the sanctity of traditional religious hegemony, so that human reason can be liberated and take its rightful place. In contrast to Hume’s complete skepticism, Kant was determined to lay the foundation for a new metaphysics and science, and the method he chose was absolute trust in pure reason. Although Kant uses reason on the basis of concrete analysis, he regards his philosophy as a priori philosophy. But we can easily see the metaphor, that is, the reason why transcendental philosophy is possible lies in the dominant position of “pure reason”. Therefore, this paper aims to discuss the rational measures of Kant's epistemology, and holds that his epistemology is a rationalist epistemology.