马克思与费尔巴哈关于人的本质思想的比较

A Comparison between Marx and Feuerbach on Human Essence

人具有社会与自然双重属性,人的本质也是由自然属性与社会属性决定的。若仅从人的自然性上出发就会得出类似于费尔巴哈的人的类理论,但是这种仅仅对人这种生命的生物学上的定义是无法解释为何人是如此特殊的存在的。对人的本质的哲学研究是价值观形成的一部分,价值观则会对人类实践活动中的其他方面产生影响。因此,马克思就在费尔巴哈的理论基础上完成了进一步的超越,不仅回答了人的自然本质和社会本质,还提出了实现人的解放的行动路线,这对社会发展具有重要意义。

Man has the dual nature of society and nature, and the nature of man is also determined by nature and society. If we only start from the nature of human beings, we can get the human-like theory similar to Feuerbach’s, but this biological definition of human beings cannot explain why human beings are so special. The philosophical study of human nature is a part of the formation of values, which will affect other aspects of human practice. Therefore, Marx completed a further transcendence on the basis of Feuerbach’s theory, not only answered the natural nature and social nature of man, but also put forward the action line to realize the liberation of man, which is of great significance to social development.