刍议《人性论》:理性与道德范式的伦理建构

On Human Nature: A Probe into the Relationship between Rationality and Ethics

因果之间的不可知性是休谟所推崇的观点,即使这种认识过程中夹带着理性的因素也同样不能改变。学界历来认为休谟这种对理性主义的否定本身就是非理性的,但在其理论当中却蕴含着另一层涵义,休谟的这种理性的缺位本质上并不能称之为非理性的,相反,对理性的一味推崇往往会导致思想的僵化,道德范式的伦理建构一般来说都是基于理性的,但这种基于理性的建构引用斯密的观点只是我们所认为的带有主观性的理性,于是就需要我们对理性进行重新定义,通过对道德起源进行探究发现道德源自于不平等的社会关系,这种社会关系的差异使得人们道德的生成带有某种外在因素的影响,这就需要我们带有“理性”地思考问题时对理性进行新的定义,这种理性的伦理道德的建构应当是符合现实情况的、基于实践的和不断发展的。

The agnosticism between cause and effect is the view advocated by Hume. Even if there are rational factors in this cognitive process, it cannot be changed. The academic circle has always believed that Hume’s denial of rationalism is irrational in itself, but there is another meaning in his theory. Hume’s absence of rationality cannot be called irrational in nature. On the contrary, blindly advocating rationality often leads to the rigidity of thinking. Generally speaking, the construction of moral paradigm is based on rationality, However, the construction based on reason, quoting Smith’s viewpoint, is only what we think is subjective reason. Therefore, we need to redefine reason and find that morality originates from unequal social relations by exploring the origin of morality. This difference in social relations makes the generation of people’s morality with some external factors. This requires us to give a new definition of rationality when thinking about problems with “rationality”, which should be in line with the reality, based on practice and constantly developing.