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孟荀人性论差异探析

An Analysis of the Differences between Mencius and Xunzi’s Theory of Human Nature
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摘要 作为孔子之后儒家最具代表性的人物,孟荀的人性论思想却迥然有异,这令人费解的同时又不得不让人惊叹,这两种人性论的立论根据、内涵以及修身方式的差异揭示了儒家学者对人性问题的重视。孔子的“性相近也,习相远也”标志着中国思想史上人性问题的出现。基于孔子所言的人性中共有着“善”与“恶”的种子,孟子在看待人性问题的时候,忽略人性中恶的倾向,注重于性善的种子,并提出“性善论”,主张通过后天的教育“养吾浩然之气”以扬“善”。与之相反,荀子侧重人性中的恶而忽视人性中依旧有善的存在,提出“性恶论”,并提倡通过礼法的管束去“化性起伪”。二程与朱熹评价孟子的“性善论”不备,只论性不论气;荀子的“性恶论”不明,只论气不论性。并主张应将气与性相结合,以气与性去管窥人性的根本问题。 As the most representative Confucianism after Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi’s human nature theory are completely different, which is puzzling and has to be surprising at the same time. Confucian scholars attach importance to the issue of human nature. Confucius’s “nature is similar, Xi is far away” marks the emergence of the problem of human nature in the history of Chinese thought. Based on what Confucius said, there are seeds of “goodness” and “evil” in human nature. When Mencius looked at human nature, he ignored the evil tendency in human nature and focused on the seeds of goodness. Mencius also put forward the “theory of good nature”, which advocated to “cultivate my noble spirit” through the acquired education to promote “good”. On the contrary, Xunzi focused on the evil in human nature and ignored the existence of good in human nature, put forward the “theory of evil in nature”, and advocated the regulation of rites to “turn nature into false”. Ercheng and Zhu Xi commented that Mencius’s theory of “nature’s goodness” was unprepared, and it only talked about nature regardless of qi;Xunzi’s “evil nature” was unclear, and only talked about qi regardless of nature. They also advocated that qi and sex should be combined, and that qi and sex should be used to see the fundamental problems of human nature.
作者 陈雪琦
出处 《哲学进展》 2022年第5期951-958,共8页 Advances in Philosophy
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