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义利观的根据是立场还是德性?——基于孟子与梁惠王义利之辨的考察

Is the Concept of Justice and Profit Based on Standpoint or Virtue?—An Investigation Based on the Distinction between Mencius and King Hui of Liang
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摘要 义利观是春秋战国时期争议颇多的一个议题,在诸多讨论中又以孟子与梁惠王的义利之辨最为经典。在《孟子·梁惠王》的义利之辨中,梁惠王基于利益立场提出了“重利轻义”的义利观,而孟子则基于德性要求论述了其“重义轻利”的义利观,而无论是“重利轻义”的义利观还是“重义轻利”的义利观,都必然最终落实到利的获得上。作为“重利轻义”的义利观,需保证利的长期拥有与持续增殖,而作为“重义轻利”的义利观,应保证义的践履从而实现利的获得,只有这样,两种义利观才可最终实现获得广泛的社会基础的最终目的,由此实现利的获得。而若长期持续地去对义进行践履,则可保障利的获得,由此便可做到立场与德性兼顾,则可以既照顾利益立场,又体现德性要求。 The concept of righteousness and benefit is a controversial topic in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. Among the many discussions, the distinction between righteousness and benefit between Mencius and King Hui of Liang is the most classic. In the Discrimination of Righteousness and Profit in “Mencius: King Hui of Liang”, King Hui of Liang put forward the concept of righteousness and profit that “emphasizes profit over righteousness” based on the standpoint of interests, while Mencius expounded the righteousness and profit of “emphasizing righteousness and neglecting profit” based on the requirements of virtue. The concept of profit, whether it is the concept of “emphasizing profit over righteousness” or the concept of “emphasizing righteousness and neglecting interest”, must ultimately be implemented in the acquisition of interest. As the concept of righteousness and benefit that “emphasizes profit over righteousness”, it is necessary to ensure the long-term possession and continuous proliferation of benefits, while the concept of righteousness and benefit as “emphasis on righteousness and lightness of interest” should ensure that the practice of righteousness will lead to the realization of benefit. Only in this way, the two views of justice and interest can finally achieve the ultimate goal of obtaining a wide range of social foundation, so as to realize the gain of interest. However, if you continue to practice righteousness for a long time, you can ensure the acquisition of benefits, so that you can balance your position and virtue, and you can take care of the position of interests and reflect the requirements of morality.
作者 陈雪琦
出处 《哲学进展》 2022年第5期978-984,共7页 Advances in Philosophy
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