马克思“现实的个人”思想及其时代价值

Marx’s “Realistic Individual” Thought and Its Times Value

整个马克思主义理论是关于人的学说,对“现实的个人”的理论探索贯穿在马克思的一生研究之中。《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中异化理论的发现,《关于费尔巴哈提纲》中人的本质的揭示、《德意志意识形态》中历史前提的确认以及《共产党宣言》中人的解放的路径等,马克思在其著作里逐渐深化对于人的探究和认知。这肯定了“现实的个人”在历史发展中的地位,确立了“现实的个人”才是实际改变世界、创造历史的真正主体。“现实的个人”有着三个基本的内在规定性,实践性、社会性和历史性。研究“现实个人”的发展和属性对于汲取社会主义建设动力、促进人的自由发展和建设社会主义精神文明等方面有重要的价值意蕴。

The whole Marxist theory is about the theory of man, and the theoretical exploration of “realistic individual” runs through Marx’s lifetime research. With the discovery of alienation theory in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844, the revelation of human nature in the Outline of Feuerbach, the confirmation of historical premise in German Ideology, and the path of human liberation in the Communist Manifesto, Marx gradually deepened his exploration and cognition of human in his works. This confirms the position of “realistic individual” in the historical development and establishes that “realistic individual” is the real subject that actually changes and creates the world. The “realistic individual"has three basic internal characteristics: practicality, sociality and historicity. Studying the development and attributes of “realistic individuals” has important value implications for absorbing the driving force of socialist construction, promoting the free development of people and building socialist spiritual civilization.