孟子与荀子的人性论之比较

A Comparison between Mencius and Xuncius’ Theory of Human Nature

一直以来,人性论都是各界学者时常讨论的命题。尤其是先秦时期的思想家孟子与荀子的人性论,导致后人进行激烈的辩论,并深受其影响。为何他们的人性论会产生激烈的争论,两者的人性论又有何不同?在此,对孟子与荀子的人性论进行分析与解读,通过两者的基本观点,进一步分析两者的异同,从而得出两者之间的不同之处在于孟子的主要观点是人性先天是善的,而恶是后天的人为,荀子的观点是人性是恶的,善是人的后天人为;而两者的相同之处就在于最终指向,都强调要实现一个良好稳定的社会,而每一个人都应该行善。基于此,从而让人们清晰知晓两者的人性论。

The theory of human nature has always been a topic discussed by scholars from all walks of life. In particular, the human nature theory of Mencius and Xuncius’, thinkers in the pre-Qin period, led to fierce debate and was deeply influenced by them. Why their theories of human nature are hotly contested and what are the differences between them? Here, on Mencius and Xuncius’ theory of human nature carries on the analysis and interpretation, the paper further analyzes both the similarities and differences, thus it is concluded that the difference between two is that the main point of Mencius is that the innate human nature is good, and evil is acquired artificially;Xuncius’ view is that human nature is evil, good is people the day after tomorrow. What they have in common is that they both emphasize the realization of a good and stable society, and everyone should do the good. Based on this, people clearly understand the two human nature theories.