辨析郭店楚简《五行》篇的“知”与“行”概念

Differentiation and Analysis of the Concepts of “Knowledge” and “Action” in the Five El-ements of Guodian Bamboo Slips

“知”和“行”的概念是中国哲学最为重要的命题之一,从先秦时期开始对于“知”和“行”的概念理解一直在变化当中。郭店楚简《五行》篇开头便论述了“行”这一概念,区分了一般的“行”和特殊的“德之行”,唯有通过“德之行”才能将仁义礼智圣五行和于内心当中,达到最高的合一境界。而“知”则分为经验性的“仁知”和超验性“圣知”,由“仁知”最后通往“圣知”;文章末尾还提出了“四知成圣”的观念,通过“目知”、“喻知”、“譬知”,最后达到“几知”,以此来完成最高的认识境界。《五行》篇的“知”和“行”概念具有特殊的内涵,为我们理解儒家的修行提供了一条新的研究路线。

The concepts of “knowledge” and “action” are one of the most important propositions in Chinese philosophy, the understanding of the concepts of “knowledge” and “action” has been changing since the pre Qin period. At the beginning of the Five Elements of Guodian Chu Bamboo Slips, the concept of “line” was discussed, distinguished the general “action” and the special “De action”, only by “De action” can the five elements of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom and sainthood be integrated into the heart, reach the highest level of unity. And “knowledge” is divided into empiri-cal “Ren knowledge” and transcendental “Sheng knowledge”, from “Ren knowledge” to “Sheng knowledge”. At the end of the article, the concept of “four knowledges become saints” is also put forward, through “Mu knowledge”, “Yu knowledge” and “Pi knowledge”, we can finally reach “Ji knowledge”, to achieve the highest level of understanding. The concepts of “knowledge” and “ac-tion” in the Five Elements have special connotations, it provides a new research route for us to un-derstand the Confucian practice.