超一执两:《老子》认识论探析

Over of Two: An Analysis of the Epistemology of Laozi

在中国哲学的经典文献中,《老子》无疑占有重要的地位。这不仅是因为它提出了至高的哲学概念“道”,蕴含了丰富的哲学思想,也在于其文本中包含着的深刻的认识论思想。老子将对“道”的探讨和对认识论问题的讨论结合起来,以形而上的本体“道”作为认识对象,并用理性直观的认识方法去“体道”,最后以超一执两的思维将“体道”的结果运用于实际,实现对“以道观物”的把握。从认识对象到认识方法,再到认识目的,三个环节共同构成了一个完整的认识过程,《老子》中的认识论内容逐渐清晰。

In the classical literature of Chinese philosophy, Laozi undoubtedly occupies an important position. This is not only because it puts forward the supreme philosophical concept “Tao” and contains rich philosophical thoughts, but also because it contains profound epistemological thoughts in its text. Laozi combined the discussion of “Tao” with the discussion of epistemology, took the metaphysical ontology “Tao” as the object of understanding, and used the rational and intuitive method of un-derstanding to “Tao”, and finally applied the result of “Tao” in practice with the thinking of “one holds two”, so as to realize the grasp of “observing things by Tao”. From the cognition object to the cognition method, and then to the cognition purpose, the three links together constitute a complete cognition process, and the epistemology content in Laozi is gradually clear.