康德道德哲学中的德性观探究

An inquiry into the concept of virtue in Kant’s moral philosophy

康德在传统德性观的基础上,对传统的德性观进行了批驳并赋予德性概念新的内涵,重新将德性进行定义,认为德性是道德行为主体在遵循义务时自身意志所具有的道德力量。在康德的思想中,德性的核心是行为主体的内在自由原则,倘若行为主体违背了道德法则,那么此行为就是恶的,行为主体旨在遵从德性。行为的规范来源于普遍法则的遵守,德性本身并不完全等同于德性义务,两者之间的关系主要彰显在他者与自我的关系上。康德进一步地确立了德性与德性义务的实质性内涵,进而为德性思想的研究提供了新的理路,康德的德性思想对我们在理解道德哲学中的德行理念以及探究存在之价值意义有重要的启示。

On the basis of the traditional concept of virtue, Kant refutes the traditional concept of virtue and gives a new connotation to the concept of virtue, redefines virtue, and believes that virtue is the moral force of the subject’s own will when following obligations. In Kant’s thought, the core of virtue is the principle of the inner freedom of the actor, and if the actor violates the moral law, then the action is evil, and the actor aims to obey the virtue. The norm of behavior derives from the observance of universal laws, virtue itself is not exactly equivalent to virtue obligations, and the relationship between the two is mainly manifested in the relationship between the other and the self. Kant further establishes the substantive connotation of virtue and moral obligations, and thus provides a new rationale for the study of moral thought, and Kant’s moral thought has important enlightenment for us to understand the concept of virtue in moral philosophy and explore the value of existence.