拜物教与人性的物化——基于《资本论》第一卷

Fetishism and Materialized Humanity—From the First Volume of Capital

拜物教概念的核心内涵是“遮蔽”,而马克思拜物教批判理论指向三个层次:商品拜物教、货币拜物教、资本拜物教。他指出,商品、货币、资本在交换和流通的过程中会被不自觉地赋予某些神秘的性质,由此,商品、货币、资本在社会流通中的地位被抬高,从而受到“崇拜”,导致社会各个层面的物化。在这样的背景下,人性也会被物化。但是马克思与以往传统人性论不同的是,马克思是在劳动的社会性与异化劳动的层面来看待人性的物化的。

The core connotation of fetishism is “Concealment”, while Marxism’s critical fetishism theory points to three levels: commodity fetishism, currency fetishism and capital fetishism. He pointed out that in the process of exchange and circulation, goods, money and capital are unconsciously given certain mysterious properties, and thus the “status” of goods, money and capital in social circulation is elevated, leading to materialization at all levels of society. In this context, human nature will also be objectified. But Marxism is different from the traditional theory of human nature, Marxism is in the social nature of labor and alienation of labor to look at the materialization of human nature.