朱子对《乐记》的阐发与超越

Zhu Zi’s Interpretation and Transcendence of Yue Ji

宋明理学对先秦儒家的重新建构在中国思想史、哲学史上具有重要意义,而“性情”又是宋明理学所关注的重点,与之相应的,《乐记》当中所提到的“反情和志”与理学所关切的“复性”能够在“性情”关系当中进行相互阐发。此外,《乐记》也最早提出“天理”、“人欲”的概念,在理学中也被改造为最重要的理学范畴之一,程朱理学极为关心的“已发”“未发”等问题,也可在《乐记》中找到根据。朱子为两宋道学思潮之集大成者,在对乐记文本的解读与阐释上,朱子与一般的理学家不同,他既重义理之学,又兼传注训诂,主张“意句俱到”,这样的治经方式为经典的阐发提供了更大的空间。因此,朱子在对《乐记》文本的解释与阐发上做出了“工夫论”的超越,重新恢复了《乐记》在礼乐文化已不复存在的时代背景下的思想活力。

The reconstruction of Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties to the pre-Qin Confucianism is of great significance in the history of Chinese thought and philosophy, and “temperament” is the focus of Neo Confucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. Accordingly, the “anti-emotion and ambition” mentioned in Yue Ji and the “complexity” concerned by Neo Confucianism can be explained in the relationship between “temperament”. In addition, Yue Ji was the first to put forward the concepts of “natural justice” and “human desire”, which was also transformed into one of the most important categories of Neo Confucianism. The problems of “already developed” and “not yet developed” that Cheng Zhu’s Neo Confucianism was extremely concerned about can also be found in Yue Ji. Zhu Zi is a master of Taoist thoughts in the Song Dynasty. In his interpretation and interpretation of the text of music notes, Zhu Zi is different from ordinary Neo Confucianism scholars. He not only stresses the theory of justice, but also annotates the exegetics, advocating “meaning and sentence are all inclusive”. Such a way of governing classics provides more space for the interpretation of classics. Therefore, Zhu Zi transcended the “Gongfu theory” in the interpretation and interpretation of the text of Yue Ji, and restored the ideological vitality of Yue Ji in the era when the etiquette and music culture no longer existed.