浅谈“四假象说”对网络社会的启示

The Enlightenment of Bacon’s “Four Idols” to the Network Society

培根的“四假象说”包括种族假象、洞穴假象、市场假象和剧场假象,即人们在生活中容易产生的四种认知“错觉”。“四假象说”指出了人们产生错误认识的根本原因,培根也想借助此学说批判当时的经院哲学,以此剖析支撑着传统科学大厦的社会根源和心理根源,而其影响的深度和广度远不局限于他的时代。当今世界正处于互联网时代,网络社会已然是现实社会的平行空间,当下“四假象说”的最大意义就在于警示人们,减少人类主观因素的影响,超越个人思维的局限性,并引导人们不断深入地认识身边的人和事物,更好地与自己和社会相处。文章逻辑按照培根提出四种假象的顺序分别展开探究与网络社会之间的联系,而如何运用培根的“四假象说”分析网络社会中的意识问题,更有待于现代人结合哲人智慧去深入反思和运用。

Bacon’s “Four Idols” includes race illusion, cave illusion, market illusion and theater illusion, which are four kinds of cognitive illusion that people are easy to produce in life. “Four Idols” pointed out the root of people’s wrong understanding. Bacon also wanted to use this theory to criticize Scholasticism at that time, so as to analyze the social and psychological roots that supported the building of traditional science. The network society is already a parallel space of the real society. The biggest significance of the “Four Idols” at present is to warn people, reduce the influence of personal subjective factors, and guide people to constantly understand people and things around them correctly and deeply, so as to get along with themselves and society better. The logic of this paper explores the deep connection between the network society according to the sequence of the four illusions put forward by Bacon. How to use Bacon’s “Four Idols” to analyze the consciousness problem in the network society needs to be deeply reflected and applied by modern people combined with the wisdom of philosophers.