如何通过谋划获得幸福?——论亚里士多德《尼各马可伦理学》的明智与道德德性

How to Get Happiness through Planning?—On the Wisdom and Moral Virtue in Aristotle’s “Nicomachean Ethics”

在《尼各马可伦理学》中,亚里士多德将幸福视为最高善和最值得追求的东西,并指出必须拥有良好的道德德性才能获得真正的幸福,而道德德性是合乎明智的品质。明智意味着对于达到目的之手段的正确谋划。那么,人能通过谋划获得真正的幸福吗?如果答案是肯定的,那么通过谋划获得幸福意味着什么?本文试图通过说明谋划中明智与道德德性的关系,对这些问题提出初步答复。

In “Nicomachean Ethics”, Aristotle regarded happiness as the highest good and the most worth pursuing, and pointed out that one must have good moral virtues in order to obtain real happiness, and moral virtues are a sensible quality. Wisdom means right planning of the means to an end. So, can people obtain real happiness through planning? If the answer is yes, what does it mean to contrive happiness? This paper attempts to provide preliminary answers to these questions by illustrating the relationship between prudence and moral virtue in planning.