论霍布斯的“自然状态”——以《利维坦》为中心

On Hobbes’s “State of Nature”—Centered on Leviathan

霍布斯从人性和自然法的层面出发,叙述自己的社会政治理论,以自然状态、社会契约等思想为国家君主专制提供理论支撑。霍布斯的“自然状态”思想,是对英国内战所作的一种思考,从逻辑在先的角度上来说,是其国家学说的逻辑起点,从“自然状态”到“社会契约”的过渡,再到国家的产生,这条思想脉络打开了近代政治哲学的新世界。本文论述了霍布斯的自然状态思想,展示了霍布斯的自然状态这一政治哲学思想的背景和目的,以及与其社会契约思想衔接的过程及其发展等。

Hobbes described his socio-political theory from the level of human nature and natural law, and provided theoretical support for the state monarchy with the ideas of the state of nature and the social contract. Hobbes’ idea of the “state of nature” is a reflection of the English Civil War, and is the logical starting point of his doctrine of the state from the logical first point of view, from the “state of nature” to the “social contract”. This line of thought opens up a new world of modern political philosophy, from the transition from the “state of nature” to the “social contract” and then to the emergence of the state. This paper discusses Hobbes’ idea of the state of nature, showing the background and purpose of Hobbes’ political philosophy of the state of nature, as well as the process of its articulation with the idea of the social contract and its development.