从哲人之死看哲学教育的意义——以《苏格拉底的申辩》为中心的考察

The Meaning of Philosophical Education from the Death of a Philosopher—An Examination Focusing on the Plea of Socrates

苏格拉底之死不仅是一个历史事件,而且是一个哲学事件。在《申辩》中,苏格拉底为自己从事哲学的方式进行了辩护。在苏格拉底看来,哲人的使命就在于,给城邦中的公民以良好的哲学教育,让他们关心自身的德性与城邦的正义,从而让哲学在城邦的公共生活之中开花结果。苏格拉底在其申辩中展示的哲学教育,不仅在当时具有积极意义,而且对于我们这个时代也有借鉴意义。他对于生命、死亡、德性和正义的教导,具有永恒的价值。

The death of Socrates is not only a historical event, but also a philosophical one. In the Plea, Socrates defends the way he engaged in philosophy. For Socrates, the mission of the philosopher lies in giving the citizens in the city-state a good philosophical education, making them care about their own virtue and the justice of the city-state, and thus allowing philosophy to blossom in the midst of the public life of the city-state. The philosophical education that Socrates demonstrates in his plea is not only positive for his time, but also relevant for our own time. His teachings on life, death, virtue and justice are of timeless value.