弗洛姆人的特殊境思想研究

A Study of the Special Circumstances of Erich Fromm

埃里希·弗洛姆认为人类生存的特殊境遇是人本主义精神分析的关键,也是现代心理学的关键问题。在人类这个物种还没有超越生物的纯粹被动地位时,他们和自然内的其他动物一样,是自然的一部分,不会超越自然之上,不会意识到自我的存在,也没有理性。随着人类的进化,他们开始有了自我意识、理性和想象力,他们从自然中解放出来,弗洛姆认为,只有在这个时候,人才在真正意义上诞生了。虽然人成为了人,有了自我意识和理性,但是也就此面临着个体化和孤独感之间的矛盾,于是他就需要寻找各种方式来解决这个生存矛盾,来摆脱这样的特殊境遇。

Erich Fromm believes that the special circumstances of human existence are the key to humanistic psychoanalysis and modern psychology. When the human species has not yet transcended the purely passive position of living things, they, like all other animals in nature, are part of nature, unable to transcend it, unable to be aware of their own existence, unable think rationally. As humans evolved, they became self-aware, rational, and imaginative, liberating themselves from nature, and only then, Erich Fromm argues, did human beings emerge in their true sense. Although man has become a man with self-awareness and rationality, he also faces the contradiction between individualization and loneliness, so he needs to find various ways to solve this survival contradiction, to get out of this special situation.