论《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》中的 女性主义思想

On Feminist Ideas in The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State

《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》是马克思女权思想形成的关键,也是研究马克思主义女性主义的出发点。恩格斯在《起源》中探寻了女性问题产生的实质原因,对女性地位的演变过程进行了考察,也提出了其对女性解放这一道路的设想。《起源》对女性问题的关注除了受社会环境的影响,也源于同时代的先进思想。恩格斯从女性受压迫的客观现象着手,分析女性地位下降的原因,得出女性受压迫的根源是私有制这一结论,进而提出女性获得自由的途径建立在生产力发展的基础之上。分析《起源》既是研究马克思和恩格斯女权思想的起点,也是探索如何解决妇女问题的关键点,对我国的妇女解放有着深远的意义和现实价值。深入研究马克思主义女性主义,不仅能促进当代女性认识自己的处境,还能使当代女性明确生活目标,更能为当代女性追求其人生价值和意义奠定牢固的基础。The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State is the key to the formation of Marx’s feminist thought and the starting point for the study of Marxist feminism. In the Origin, Engels explores the substantive reasons for the emergence of the female problem, examines the evolutionary process of women’s status, and also puts forward his vision of this path of female emancipation. The concern for women’s issues in the Origin was not only influenced by the social environment, but also by the advanced thinking of his contemporaries. Starting from the objective phenomenon of women’s oppression, Engels analyzes the reasons for the decline of women’s status, concludes that the root cause of women’s oppression is private property, and then proposes that the way to women’s freedom is based on the development of productive forces. The analysis of the Origin is both the starting point for studying Marx’s and Engels’ feminist ideas and the key point for exploring how to solve women’s problems, which has far-reaching significance and practical value for women’s liberation in China. In-depth study of Marxist feminism can not only promote contemporary women’s understanding of their own situation, but also enable contemporary women to clarify their life goals, and better lay a solid foundation for contemporary women to pursue the value and meaning of their lives.