经济学批判视域下的分工及其权力意蕴

The Division of Labor and Its Power Implications from the Perspective of Economic Criticism

人类的历史伴随着分工的发展。资本主义生产方式确立之后,分工的形式由社会分工转向了工场手工业分工,工场内部的分工使工人劳动局部化和固定化,工人无法单独产出产品,主体性也由此开始丧失。随着机器化大生产模式的确立,工人逐渐沦落为生产过程中的客体,并且进一步丧失了掌控自己时间和空间的权力。资本权力开始作为一种强制规训性的力量作用于整个社会,形成了一整套对资本增殖有益的生产体系。这个时期的分工有着不同于之前的独特权力意蕴,是资本权力外化的表现,也是资本权力产生的原因之一。

The history of human beings is accompanied by the development of the division of labor. After the establishment of the capitalist mode of production, the form of division of labor shifted from the social division of labor to factory division of labor. The division of labor within the factory localized and fixed the labor of workers. Workers could not produce products alone, and their subjectivity began to be lost. With the establishment of the mechanized mass production model, workers are gradually reduced to objects in the production process, and further lose the power to control their own time and space. The power of capital began to act on the whole society as a force of coercion and discipline, forming a whole set of production systems beneficial to the proliferation of capital. The division of labor in this period has a unique power connotation different from the previous ones, which is a manifestation of the externalization of capital power and one of the reasons for the emergence of capital power.