试论马克思主义在“他人问题”上对梅洛–庞蒂的影响

The Influence of Marxism on “The Problem of Others” on Merleau-Ponty

身体与心灵之间的联系历来为西方哲人所重视,而对身体与心灵之间的二元对立问题的回答更是当代西方哲人努力追求的一个目标,其中也包括现象学。梅洛–庞蒂将身体和心灵的问题转向了“他人”的问题,从而将这一问题提升到了当代哲学界的高度。梅洛–庞蒂在对笛卡尔二元论批评的基础上,融合现象学的方法,把“他人”问题作为当代哲学的一个重要议题。基于这一认识,梅洛–庞蒂对马克思的“他人”思想进行了广泛的借鉴,并对其进行了丰富和发展,从而使自己的“他人”思想更加完善。

Western philosophers have always attached great importance to the connection between body and spirit, and the answer to the binary opposition between body and spirit is a goal that contemporary Western philosophers strive to pursue, including phenomenology. Merleau-Ponty raised the question of body and mind to the height of contemporary philosophy by turning it into the problem of “others”. Based on his criticism of the dualism of Descartes, Merleau-Ponty integrated phenomenological methods and took the problem of “others” as an important topic in contemporary philosophy. Based on this understanding, Merleau-Ponty extensively used Marx’s “others” thought for reference, enriched and developed it, so as to make his “others” thought more perfect.