卢梭自由与平等关系探析——从自足的人出发

The Analysis of the Relationship by Rousseau between Liberty and Equality—Based on the Self-Sufficient Man

卢梭对于自由与平等的关系在其两本代表性著作中呈现出不同的生成与被生成的关系。在《论人与人之间不平等的起因和基础》中,他认为人由自足的人向依赖的人转变过程中,他从自由转向了不自由,由平等转向了不平等,失去了自主活动能力的同时,人也就失去了自由,同时也使得人与人不平等关系产生了。基于这样的生成关系,卢梭认为只有恢复了自由,人才能消除不平等关系。但是,由于对自足–原始状态之人的理解违背了历史的现实,因此,他的自由与平等在现实的文明时代无法得到实现。

Relationship by Rousseau between liberty and equality presents different generative and generated relationships in his two representative works. In “On the Causes and Basis of Inequality between People”, he believes that in the process of transforming people from self-sufficient people to dependent people, he changed from freedom to unfreedom, from equality to inequality, and while losing the ability to move independently, people also lose their freedom, and at the same time, they also produce unequal relations between people. Based on this generational relationship, Rousseau believed that only by restoring freedom can man eliminate unequal relations. However, since the understanding of self-sufficiency, the primitive man goes against historical reality, his freedom and equality cannot be realized in the age of real civilization.