《启蒙辩证法》对实证主义的反思批判

A Reflective Critique of Positivism from the Perspective of Dialectics of Enlightenment

《启蒙辩证法》产生于法西斯极权主义行将就寝的时期,其目的在于批判资本主义统治下启蒙理性沦为社会权力统治工具,成为新的神话。文章指出,被实证主义中介的启蒙理性丧失自我反思的能力,成为绝对的全新的权威;而在启蒙与社会权力的危险纠缠中,以绝对理性为根本原则的启蒙屈服于社会统治权力,成为社会统治者的权威工具,最终,启蒙丧失批判的向度。霍克海默,阿多诺彻底批判导致逻辑实证主义在现代的化身即工具理性,以寻求理性脱离权力的禁锢,将实证主义问题具体化为社会问题,把对实证主义的批判反思推向了新的地平线。

The Dialectics of Enlightenment originated in the period when fascist totalitarianism was about to fall asleep, and its purpose was to criticize the capitalist rule as a tool of social power rule and become a new myth. The article points out that the enlightenment rationality mediated by positivism has lost the ability of self-reflection and become an absolute new authority;In the dangerous entanglement between enlightenment and social power, enlightenment based on the fundamental principle of absolute rationality succumbed to social ruling power and became an authoritative tool for social rulers. Finally, enlightenment lost its critical dimension. Hokheimer and Adorno’s thorough criticism led to the modern incarnation of logical positivism, namely, instrumental rationality, in order to seek to break away from the shackles of power, concretize the issue of positivism into a social issue, and push the critical reflection on positivism to a new horizon.