《德意志意识形态》中唯物史观思想及其当代价值

Historical Materialism in “German Ideology” and Its Contemporary Value

唯物史观是马克思的两个伟大发现之一,马克思恩格斯在《德意志意识形态》中第一次系统地阐述了唯物史观的基本原理,在马克思主义思想发展史上是一部里程碑式的重要著作。在此著作中马克思恩格斯一方面批判了黑格尔哲学和真正的社会主义,另一方面也阐述了科学的历史观。其主要内容包括“现实的人”是唯物史观的逻辑前提,社会存在决定社会意识是唯物史观的基本范畴,生产力和生产关系的矛盾运动是唯物史观的核心内容,人的自由全面发展是唯物史观的价值归旨等方面,这些基本原理对新时代进一步抵制历史虚无主义,坚定理想信念,始终坚持以人民为中心的发展思想具有重要现实方法论意义。

Historical materialism is one of Marx’s two great discoveries. Marx and Engels systematically elaborated the basic principles of historical materialism for the first time in the “German Ideology”, which is a milestone work in the history of the development of Marxist thought. In this work, Marx and Engels criticized Hegel’s philosophy and real socialism on the one hand, and elaborated the scientific view of history on the other hand. Its main contents include that “realistic man” is the logical premise of historical materialism, social existence determines that social consciousness is the basic category of historical materialism, the contradictory movement of productive forces and relations of production is the core content of historical materialism, and the free and comprehensive development of human beings is the value content of historical materialism. These basic principles further resist historical nihilism in the new era, strengthen ideals and beliefs, and so on. It is of great practical methodological significance to always adhere to the thought of people-centered development.