《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中的私有财产解析

Analysis of Private Property in the Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844

在马克思主义经典作家面前,共产主义不是一种具体的、保持不变的状态,是一种主体与客体之间连续的现实运动,它的目的是为了重建个人所有制,完成人们对自己的本质的占有,实现真正的对象性关系。在《1844年经济学哲学手稿》中,马克思把私有财产的历史发展阶段分为三个阶段,即具有粗陋性的、政治性的共产主义,以及未来真正实现的共产主义,这三个阶段实质就是私有财产自我扬弃的过程。私有财产本身蕴含了对立和统一这一对矛盾关系,表现出主体的本质与客体化的劳动这两种特点,共产主义发展的三个阶段的实质就是私有财产矛盾运动的结果。而且在经历了这三个阶段之后,才能开始在共产主义社会中实现真正的自由而全面的发展。

In front of the Marxist classic writer, communism is not a specific, remaining state, is a continuous realistic movement between the body and the object, its purpose is to reconstruct personal ownership, complete people’s possession of their essence. In the “1844 Economics Philosophy”, Marx divided the historical development of private property into three stages, namely rough, political communism, and in the future truly communism, these three stages of private property itself contain the relationship of opposition and unified contradictory, showing the two characteristics of the essence of the subject and the objective labor, the essence of the three stages of communism development is the result of private property contradictions. And after experiencing these three phases, human beings can begin to achieve truly freedom in communist society.