论传统功利主义政治哲学及其困境——以边沁和密尔功利主义哲学为例

On Traditional Utilitarian Political Philosophy and Its Dilemma—Taking Bentham and Mill’s Utilitarian Philosophy as an Example

功利主义一经正式问世,极大地改变了政治哲学各派理论自身的逻辑。功利主义政治哲学虽然重要,但在当今时代亦然遭受诸多“非议”。传统功利主义认为,能够为社会成员创造最大幸福的行为或政策就是道德上正当的。但是面临着诸多问题,直到当代也没有得到很好的解决。总的来说,“功利”的确定和总的功利最大化的如何去衡量和确定,制约着功利主义哲学的发展。

Utilitarianism has greatly changed the logic of each school of political philosophy. Although the utilitarian political philosophy is important, it also suffers a lot of “criticism” in modern times. Traditional utilitarianism holds that an action or policy that creates the greatest happiness for the members of society is morally justified. But faced with many problems, the contemporary has not been well solved until now. Generally speaking, the determination of “utility” and how to measure and determine the maximization of utility restrict the development of utilitarian philosophy.