嵇康生命哲学之探析

An Exploration into Ji Kang’s Life Philosophy

魏晋时代是历史上十分特殊的一个时期。特殊的历史背景下,人的精神状态呈现出一种扭曲、堕落的特点,士大夫们内心空虚、精神压抑。这种生存状态具体表现为对物质的趋向,对欲望的追求,以及对日常行为习惯和传统哲学思想的偏离。它展现了一种集体性虚无和形而下的精神向度。从个体生存和生命实践来看,魏晋哲学又体现出前所未有的激进态度和审美艺术。在嵇康的生命哲学中敞开了人的真情实性,诠释了“人间世”的逍遥路径。嵇康把超越名教、剔除规范、抛去私欲作为实践起点,以“返归自然”“无措是非”作为价值选择和生命安置之方法,以“情意我”之“意足”、“乐哉”为境界追求,最终实现个体精神和生命导养的统一。嵇康的生命实践彰显着对人的关怀、对生存的思考,流露出对生活的热情、对生命的珍重。无论是在哲学史上还是当今时代,嵇康生命哲学都具有重要意义。

The Wei and Jin dynasties were a very special period in Chinese history. The scholar-offcials were spiritually empty. The spirit presented a kind of twisted mentality and personality, which is manifested in the trend of material, the indulgence of desire, and the deviation of daily behavior and habits. On the level of individual survival and life practice, however, the period also reflected the unprecedented radical attitude and aesthetic art. From the perspective of individual experience, Ji Kang practiced a free life beyond traditional feudal social in his whole life, opened up the really disposition of people, and interpreted the alternative path of “earthly life”. Ji Kang took refuting the dogmatism, eliminating norms and discarding selfish desires as the starting point of practice, took “returning to nature” and “not distinguishing right-wrong” as the value choice and life placement, and finally pursued the “meaning enough” and “happy and carefree”, so as to realize the unity of individual spirit and life guidance. In his life practice, Ji Kang was full of concern for people and thinking about survival. He always revealed his enthusiasm for life and treasure for life. Such life philosophy, is of great significance, both in the past and the present era, full of philosophical thinking and the beauty of humanity.