马克思恩格斯三份俄国问题文献与“跨越论”关系探究——以《〈共产党宣言〉俄文版序言》中“唯一可能的答复”为研究视角

Exploration of the Relationship between Marx and Engels’ Three Documents on Russian Issues and the “Theory of Span” —From the Perspective of “the Only Possible Answer” in The Communist Manifesto (Preface of Russian Version)

马克思、恩格斯在《〈共产党宣言〉俄文版序言》中对俄国问题的答复,在学界通常被称为跨越资本主义“卡夫丁峡谷”理论,我们也通常简称为“跨越论”。然而,在文本探讨和文本使用过程中,学界主要依据的却是马克思、恩格斯其他三份俄国问题文献。从《〈共产党宣言〉俄文版序言》中的答复来看,符合对俄国问题“唯一可能的答复”需要三个要素,即农村公社、俄国革命和西方无产阶级革命。通过对文本的研究,可以说马克思、恩格斯其他三份俄国问题文献中的表述并不符合“唯一可能的答复”中所规定的三要素,这三份俄国问题文献与“跨越论”也不存在直接联系。

Marx and Engels’ reply to the Russian question in The Communist Manifesto (Preface of Russian Version) is often referred to in academic circles as the theory of leaping over the “Caudine Forks” of capitalism, which is also commonly referred to as “Theory of Span”. However, in the process of text exploration and use, the academic community mainly relied on Marx and Engels’ other three Russian literature. From the reply in The Communist Manifesto (Preface of Russian Version), it can be seen that the “only possible reply” to the Russian question requires three elements, namely, rural communes, the Russian revolution and the Western proletarian revolution. Through the study of the text, it can be said that the expressions in the other three Russian problem documents of Marx and Engels do not meet the three elements specified in the “only possible reply”, and these three Russian problem documents do not have a direct connection with the “Theory of Span”.