阿尔都塞“理论上的反人道主义”研究

Research on Althusser’s “Theoretical Anti-Humanism”

路易·阿尔都塞是20世纪法国的一位杰出的思想家,他对马克思主义哲学研究做出了重要贡献。为了反对“人道主义马克思主义”思潮,阿尔都塞提出了“马克思主义是理论上的反人道主义”的观点,并由此对马克思主义进行了重新诠释,以捍卫马克思主义的科学性。然而,学界对阿尔都塞的这个学说也存在争议,其赞同者认为他发展了马克思主义哲学,并强调其理论有助于指导现实社会斗争;批评者认为阿尔都塞与马克思主义原著不同,声称他的理论打着反教条旗号,实际上是一种独特的教条主义。如何理解阿尔都塞“理论上的反人道主义”学说仍是一个值得我们研讨的问题。本文将基于阿尔都塞的著作以及相关资料对阿尔都塞的“理论上的反人道主义”思想进行分析,探讨他对马克思主义的解读以及对人道主义思潮的批判,以期为我们对阿尔都塞的研究提供新的思考。

Louis Althusser was an eminent French philosopher in the 20th century and made significant contributions to the study of Marxist philosophy. In response to the “humanitarian Marxism” trend, Althusser put forward the viewpoint that “Marxism is theoretically anti-humanitarian,” and based on this, he reinterpreted Marxism to defend its scientific nature. Nevertheless, Althusser’s theory has sparked controversy in academic circles. Supporters argued that he expanded Marxist philosophy and emphasized how his theory can guide real social struggles. However, critics contended that Althusser deviated from the original works of Marx and claimed that his theory, despite claiming to be anti-dogmatic, actually represented a unique form of dogmatism. How to understand Althusser’s theory of “theoretical anti-humanitarianism” remains a topic worthy of discussion. This article will analyze Althusser’s “theoretical anti-humanitarianism” based on his works and relevant materials, exploring his interpretation of Marxism and his critique of the humanitarian trend, in order to provide new insights for our research on Althusser.