马克思批判理论与康德批判哲学的异同

The Similarities and Differences between Marx’s Critical Theory and Kant’s Critical Philosophy

马克思在《德意志意识形态》时期转向了现实革命斗争的批判理论。马克思的历史唯物主义批判与康德批判哲学既有理论上的相似,又有本质的区别。相似之处在于:马克思批判理论和康德批判哲学都以辩证法为理论核心,在重视经验世界的同时,肯定了人在实践领域的能动性和自由。但康德批判哲学仅仅是理论批判,而历史唯物主义具有鲜明的现实针对性,是针对现实中不合理的社会制度与生产关系的斗争。马克思开创了与康德批判哲学完全不同的批判道路。

During the period of The German Ideology, Marx shifted towards a critical theory of revolutionary struggles in reality. Marx’s historical materialism critique shares both theoretical similarities and essential differences with Kant’s critical philosophy. The similarities lie in both Marx’s critique theory and Kant’s critical philosophy having dialectics as their theoretical core. While emphasizing the empirical world, they affirm human agency and freedom in the realm of praxis. However, Kant’s critical philosophy remains solely theoretical critique, whereas historical materialism possesses a distinct real-world focus, involving the struggle against irrational social systems and production relations in reality. Marx established a critical path that is entirely distinct from Kant’s critical philosophy.