从马克思正义现实批判到社会主义公平正义——以评析艾伦?布坎南正义外在批判为线索

艾伦•布坎南的正义“外在批判”虽然较为深刻地将正义问题归结为生产方式问题,但是归根结底只围绕正义的原则展开探讨,没有触及正义的本质,更无论正义的实现路径。然而,由于不理解马克思的辩证法,他对正义原则的理解也是抽象的。马克思借助辩证法确立了正义“现实批判”,从原则、本质和实现路径的统一中展开对资本主义正义范畴的批判。社会主义公平正义将马克思的正义“现实批判”作为理论根据和实践方略,以“与社会主义生产方式相适应”为原则,以正义的“社会和谐形态”为本质,以中国特色社会主义现代化建设为实现路径,在社会主义社会中实现了马克思正义“现实批判”的“三位一体”,构建了马克思正义“现实批判”的实践辩证法。

Although Ellen Buchanan’s justice “external critical” attributed the issue of justice to the problem of production methods is profound, in the final analysis, he only explored the principle of justice. However, because he did not understand Marx’s dialectics, his understanding of the principles of justice is just abstract. Marx established the “realistic criticism” of justice with the help of dialectics, and carried out criticism of the category of capitalist justice from the unity of principles, essence, and implementation paths. Socialist fairness and justice uses Marx’s “real criticism” of justice as the theoretical basis and practical strategy, which bases on the principle of “adapting to socialist pro-duction methods”, which takes the “social harmony form” of justice as the essence, and which takes the modernization of socialism with Chinese characteristics as the implementation path. It is realizing the “Trinity” of Marx’s “realistic criticism” of justice in socialist society and constructing the praxis dialectic of Marx’s “realistic criticism” of justice.