国家自主性:埃尔斯特对马克思主义国家理论的重构

State Autonomy: Elster’s Reconstruction of Marxist State Theory

作为“分析马克思”学派的代表人物,埃尔斯特根据马克思主义国家理论提出国家自主性命题,并以此为角度解构并重构了马克思主义国家理论。通过对国家性质即公共性抑或阶级性的悖论指认,引出关于国家自主性的思考。探讨国家自主性的前提首先是确立国家作为概念的自主性。传统的工具主义国家理论在本质上否认了国家的自主性。国家自主性得以可能的两种理论分别是关于国家的退出理论和国家的阶级–平衡理论。埃尔斯特在不否认马克思阶级–国家理论的基础上肯定了国家的自主性。

As a representative of the school of “Analyzing Marx”, Elster proposed the proposition of state autonomy according to the Marxist state theory, and deconstructed and reconstructed the Marxist state theory from this perspective. Through the paradoxical identification of the nature of the state, that is, public or class nature, the reflection on state autonomy is introduced. The premise of dis-cussing state autonomy is to establish state autonomy as a concept. The traditional instrumentalist theory of the state essentially denies the autonomy of the state. The two theories that make state autonomy possible are the withdrawal theory of the state and the class-balance theory of the state. Elster affirmed the autonomy of the state on the basis of not denying Marx’s class-state theory.