德里达幽灵视角中的马克思主义遗产——以《共产党宣言》为例

Marxist Legacy in Derrida’s Ghost Perspective—Taking the Communist Manifesto as an Example

德里达揭露出了福山“历史终结论”的真实语境,从解构主义立场出发维护“马克思的幽灵”。本文尝试解读德里达的“幽灵学”,详细梳理了《共产党宣言》中“幽灵”的三重语境,即共产主义社会、无产阶级的主体地位以及无产阶级政党的奋斗宗旨。通过回归马克思经典著作分析德里达的“幽灵批判”,明确德里达继承了马克思主义的宝贵遗产。剖析德里达“幽灵学”的真正意图,意在当下马克思主义批判精神的继承与发扬,对于当代马克思主义宝贵遗产的价值回归具有重大意义。

Derrida exposes the true context of Fukuyama’s “final conclusion of history”, and from the stand-point of deconstructionism, he defends the “ghost of Marx”. To interpret Derrid’s “ghostology”, this paper first sorts out in detail the threefold context of “ghosts” in the Communist Manifesto, that is, the communist society, the dominant position of the proletariat, and the purpose of the proletarian party. By returning to Marx’s classic works and analyzing Derrida’s “ghost critique”, it is clear that Derrida has inherited the precious heritage of Marxism. The analysis of Derrida’s true intention of “ghostology” is intended to inherit and carry forward the critical spirit of Marxism at present, and it is of great significance to recognize the return of the value of the precious heritage of contemporary Marxism.