论苏格拉底理性主义伦理学及其对当代大学德育的启发

On Socrates’ Rationalist Ethic and Its Inspiration to Contemporary Moral Education in University

古希腊哲学史上苏格拉底的出现,改变了探索哲学问题的转向。研究苏格拉底就必须理清他的理性主义伦理学,同时理解其伦理学思想的核心——“德性即知识”。他认为德性是指过好的生活和做善事的艺术,知识实际上是对善的认识,通过知识来指导行为,才能够获得更多或者真正的幸福。然而,随着社会的不断变化和受诸多因素的影响,人们对道德的认识发生了很大的变化,因此,需要对“知识”与“德性”的关系进行客观和辩证的评价。文章力图在了解当代大学生的思想道德状况的基础上,寻找到苏格拉底理性主义伦理学对当今大学生道德教育产生的重要影响。这对于我们深入学习和运用苏格拉底的哲学思想,并借此来改善我国目前道德教育具有十分深远的理论和实践意义。

The appearance of Socrates in the history of ancient Greek philosophy changed the direction of exploring philosophical problems. To study Socrates, we must clarify his rationalist ethics and under-stand its core—“virtue is knowledge”. In his opinion, virtue refers to the art of living a good life and doing good deeds. Knowledge is actually the knowledge of good. Only by guiding behavior with knowledge can we obtain more or real happiness. However, with the constant change of society and the influence of many factors, people’s understanding of morality has undergone great changes. Therefore, it is necessary to objectively and dialectically evaluate the relationship between “knowledge” and “virtue”. On the basis of understanding the ideological and moral status of con-temporary college students, this paper tries to find the important influence of rationalist ethics on the moral education of contemporary college students. It is of great theoretical and practical significance for us to study and apply Socrates’ philosophy and improve our moral education.