论马克思对亚里士多德友爱观的吸收与超越

On Marx’s Absorption and Transcendence of Aristotle’s View of Friendship

亚里士多德和马克思作为人类历史上占据重要地位的两位哲学家,都对人际交往中的友爱关系有其独到见解。亚氏的友爱观强调的是精神世界中抽象的“理性”,推崇的是德性友爱。然而,友爱关系在社会中的普遍实现不能仅停留于理论空谈和道德约束,还应当找到在现实中落地的可行路径。马克思在吸收了亚里士多德友爱思想的基础上,不仅聚焦于具有目的之善的人本身复归,还突出友爱在内蕴和实现路径两个方面的现实性和社会实践性,由此建立了一种充满人类关怀且更具现实意义的友爱观。

As two important philosophers in human history, Aristotle and Marx have their unique views on the friendly relationship in interpersonal communication. Aristotle’s view of friendship emphasizes the spiritual world of the abstract “rational” and advocates virtuous friendship. However, the universal realization of friendly relationship in the society can not only stay in the theoretical talk and moral constraints, but should also find a feasible path in reality. Based on the Aristotelian thought of friendship, Marx not only focuses on the return of good man with purpose, he also highlights the re-ality and social practice of friendship in two aspects of connotation and realization path, thus estab-lishing a more realistic view of friendship full of human concern.