《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》历史唯物主义思想研究

Research on the Historical Materialism Thought in Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte

《路易·波拿巴的雾月十八日》是马克思历史唯物主义在重大历史事件中的生动运用,承载着马克思指向社会变革的历史观,重点不在于对拿破仑三世称帝的解释与还原,而在于“改造世界”的向度,即在当下的社会历史情境中如何实现现有社会的变革。马克思通过对特定历史事件以及所涉相关主体的剖析,揭示出隐藏在复杂的政治乱象背后的是多重主体之间物质利益的相互博弈,由此明确波拿巴成功复辟与政治形象和物质利益之间的关联性,进而指明实现全人类解放的革命不能仅仅停留在抽象人权中,而应当立足于人的高度深入到社会变革当中去。在此意义上,历史唯物主义不仅仅是对社会发展客观规律的把握和思考,更是为实现人类解放提供的一种科学的路径和整体性的视野。

Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte is a vivid application of Marx’s historical materialism in major historical events, carrying Marx’s historical view of social change. In this text, the focus of Marx’s concern is not on the interpretation and restoration of Bonaparte’s claim to the throne, but on the dimension of “transforming the world”, that is, how to realize the transformation of the existing society in the current social and historical context. Through the analysis of specific historical events and related subjects, Marx revealed that behind the complex political chaos was the mutual game of material interests among multiple subjects, which indicates the correlation between Bonaparte’s successful restoration and political image and material interests, and then making it clear that the revolution for the emancipation of the whole mankind could not stay in the abstract human rights but should be based on the height of human beings and go deeper into the social change. In this sense, historical materialism is not only the grasp and thinking of the objective law of social development, but also a scientific path and holistic vision for the realization of human liberation.