回到孔子:基于历史视角对孔子及其思想的研究

Returning to Confucius: A Study of Confucius and His Thought from a Historical Perspective

自中国历史上孔子与教育、政治深度结合以来,孔子作为“圣人”、“圣贤”、“至圣先师”的“神圣”形象根深蒂固。其主要思想,特别是政治理想和教育理念因具有强烈的意识形态属性而在阶级社会中被封建统治者长期奉为治国理政的真理。这种“崇拜”乃至“信仰”式的倾向造成了对孔子及其思想的片面解读。研究表明,真正现实中的孔子与固有观念中的孔子、历史事实中的孔子与文本描述的孔子并不等同,集中表现为“真孔子”与“伪孔子”、孔子与儒家、政治理想与教育思想的关系问题。因此,必须循着时代发展和历史演进的脉络,用批判性思维深入探究真实的孔子与孔子思想。

Since the deep integration of Confucius with education and politics in Chinese history, the image of Confucius as a “saint”, “sage”, and “sage teacher” has been deeply rooted. Its main ideas, especially political ideals and educational concepts, have long been regarded as the truth of governing the country by feudal rulers in class society due to their strong ideological attributes. This tendency towards “worship” and even “faith” has led to a one-sided interpretation of Confucius and his thoughts. Research has shown that the true Confucius in reality is not equivalent to the Confucius in inherent concepts, the Confucius in historical facts, and the Confucius described in texts. This is mainly reflected in the relationship between “true Confucius” and “pseudo Confucius,” Confucius and Confucianism, and political ideals and educational ideas. Therefore, it is necessary to follow the development of the times and historical evolution, and use critical thinking to deeply explore the true Confucius and his thoughts.